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@@ -1 +1,137 @@ -# Notes 01/13/2020 +Notes 01/13/2020 + +> Review from COEN10 +# Pointers + + int x; + x = 6; + int *px; + px = &x; + +- The pointer `*px` is "pointing" to the memory address where x is located (`&x`) +- The pointer must be assigned a data type (in this case `int`) that matches the memory type that it is pointing to + + + x = 5; + *px = 1 + printf("%d", x); + + +- The code above will print `1` because `*px` (the value in the memory address that px is pointing to) was changed to 1, so x was changed to 1 +- You can change where the pointer is pointing to: `px++` changes the pointer to point to the next memory address + - This is useful when dealing with arrays: + + + int x[5] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} + int *px; + px = &x[0]; //can also be written px = x + printf("%d", *px); + px++; + printf("%d", *px); + + +The code above would print `1` and then `px++` would move the pointer to point to `x[1]` and the second number printed would be `2` + + + int i; + px = &x[0]; + for(i = 0; i < 5; i++){ + printf("%d\n", *px); + px++; + } + + +The code above would result in: + + + 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + + +Another Example: + + + int x = 2, y = 2; + int *p, *q; + p = &y; + q = &y; + //(p == q) is false (comparison of addresses) + //(*p == *q) is true (comparison of values) + + +Visual Representation of Memory: + + int x[7] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}; + int *px; + px = &x[0]; + +`x[]` in memory + +| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | +| - | - | - | - | - | - | - | +| px | | | | | | | + + px+=3; + +| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | +| - | - | - | - | - | - | - | +| | | | px | | | | + +--- + +# Using Pointers with Strings + +Example: + + char my_string[] = "String!" + char *p = my_string //Single line pointer definition. can also be written *p = &my_string[0] + +Visual Representation of `my_string[]` in memory: + +| S | T | R | I | N | G | ! | \0 | +| - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | +| p | | | | | | | | + +We can print the string like this: + + //don't need i + while(*p != '\0'){ + printf("%c", *p); + p++; + } + +The above code would print `STRING!` + +--- + +# Pointers and Functions + +- A function can also receive an array as an argument in the form of a pointer + - For Example: + + + void my_function(char *c){ + ... + } + + +- The function would receive a memory address pointing to a char. It would be beneficial to pass a memory address pointing to a string. + - Let's flesh-out the example: + + + void my_function(char *c){ + printf("%s\n", *c); + c++; + printf("%s\n", *c); + } + + +- Let's say we pass a memory address `&my_string[0]` and my_string is defined as `char my_string[] = "Hello World"` + - The code would output: + + + Hello World + ello World |